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Pengertian Massa Air dan klasifikasi massa air di dunia

By oceanID July 10, 2018

Massa air adalah tubuh perairan berukuran besar yang memiliki julat suhu dan salinitas tertentu. Massa air di dunia dikelompokan berdasarkan 2 faktor, yakni berdasarkan kedalaman, dimana massa air mencapai keseimbangan secara vertikal dan berdasarkan sumber asal geografik.

Jenis massa air yang ada di dunia beserta karakteristiknya dapat dilihat pada tabel di bawah ini :

Lapisan	Samudera Atlantik	Samudera Hindia	Samudera Pasifik
Massa air Atas (upper water) 0-500 m	Atlantic Subartic Upper Water (ASUW) (0.0-4.0ºC, 34.0-35.0‰) Western North Atlantic Central Water (WNACW) (7.0-20.0ºC, 35.0-36.7‰) Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW) (8.0-18.0ºC, 35.2-36.7‰) South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) (5.0-18.0ºC, 34.3-35.8‰)	Bengal Bay Water (BBW) (25.0-29ºC, 28.0-35.0‰) Arabian Sea Water (ASW) (24.0-30.0ºC, 35.5-36.8‰) Indian equatorial Water (IEW) (8.0-23.0ºC, 34.4-35.0‰) Indonesian Upper Water (IUW) (8.0-23.0ºC, 34.4-35.0‰) South Indian Central Water (SICW) (8.0-25.0ºC, 34	Pacific Subartic Upper Water (PSUW) (3.0-15.0ºC, 32.6-33.6‰) Western North Pacific Central Water (WNPCW) (10.0-22.0ºC, 34.2-35.2‰) Eastern North Pacific Central Water (ENPCW) (12.0-20.0ºC, 34.2-35.0‰) Eastern North Pacific Transition Water (ENPTW) (11.0-20.0ºC, 33.8-34.3‰) Pacific Equatorial Water (PEW) (7.0-23.0ºC, 34.5-36.0‰) Western South Pacific Central Water (WSPCW) (6.0-22.0ºC, 34.5-35.8‰) Eastern South Pacific Central Water (ESPCW) (8.0-24.0ºC, 34.4-36.4‰) Eastern South Pacific Transition Water (ESPTW) (14.0-20.0ºC, 34.6-35.2‰)
Massa air menengah (Intermediate waters), 500-1500 m	Western Atlantic Subartic Intermediate Water (WASIW) (3.0-9.0ºC, 34.0-35.1‰) Eastern Atlantic Subartic Intermediate Water (EASIW) (3.0-9.0ºC, 34.4-35.3‰) Antartic Intermediate Water (AAIW) (2-6ºC, 33.8-34.8‰) Mediterranean Water (MW) (2.6-11.0ºC, 35.0-36.2‰) Artic Intermediate Water (AIW) (-1.5-3.0ºC, 34.7-34.9‰)	Antartic Intermediate Water (AAIW) (2-10ºC, 33.8-34.8‰) Indonesian Intermediate Water (IIW) (3.5-5.5ºC, 34.6-34.7‰) Red Sea- Persian Gulf Intermediate Water (RSPGIW) (5-14ºC, 34.8-35.4‰)	Pacific Subartic Intermediate Water (PSIW) (5.0-12.0ºC, 33.8-34.3‰) California Intermediate Water (CIW) (10.0-12.0ºC, 33.9-34.4‰) Eastern South Pacific intermediate Water (ESPIW) (10.0-12.0ºC, 34.0-34.4‰) Antartic Intermediate Water (AAIW) ( 2-10ºC, 33.8-34.5‰)
Massa air dalam dan dasar (Deep and Abysal Waters) 1500- dasar perairan	North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) (1.5-4.0ºC, 34.8-35.0‰) Antartic Bottom Water (AABW) (-0.9-1.7ºC, 34.64-34.72‰) Artic Bottom Water (ABW) (-1.8- -10.5ºC, 34.88-34.94‰)	Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) (1.0-2.0ºC, 34.62-34.73‰) Baca Juga Mengapa Salinitas Di Samudra Atlantik Lebih Tinggi Dari Samudra Pasifik Penjelasan Palung Mariana : Palung Terdalam di Dunia Perkembangan ilmu oseanografi saat ini - Alat-alat terbaru dalam dunia oseanografi Circumpolar Surface Waters	Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) (0.1-2.0ºC, 34.62-34.73‰) Subantartic Surface Water (SASW) (3.2-15.0ºC, 34.0-35.5‰) Antartic Surface Water (AASW) (-1.0-1.0ºC, 34.0-34.6‰)

Sumber : Emery, 2001